The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook Volume 2 Design and Operations 2nd Edition by Charles Baukal 1439839646 9781439839645
Original price was: $50.00.$35.00Current price is: $35.00.
The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook Volume 2 Design and Operations 2nd Edition by Charles Baukal – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1439839646, 9781439839645
Full download The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook Volume 2 Design and Operations 2nd Edition after payment
Product details:
ISBN 10: 1439839646
ISBN 13: 9781439839645
Author: Charles E. Baukal Jr.
Despite the length of time it has been around, its importance, and vast amounts of research, combustion is still far from being completely understood. Issues regarding the environment, cost, and fuel consumption add further complexity, particularly in the process and power generation industries. Dedicated to advancing the art and science of industr
Table of contents:
1 Safety
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Definitions
1.1.2 Combustion Tetrahedron
1.2 Safety Review
1.3 Hazards
1.3.1 Excessive Temperature
1.3.2 Thermal Radiation
1.3.3 Noise
1.3.4 High Pressure
1.3.5 Fires
1.3.5.1 Heat Damage
1.3.5.2 Smoke Generation
1.3.6 Explosions
1.3.6.1 Explosions in Tanks and Piping
1.3.6.2 Explosions in Stacks
1.3.6.3 Explosions in Furnaces
1.3.7 Flame Instability
1.3.8 Environmental
1.4 Codes and Standards
1.4.1 NFPA Codes and Standards
1.4.1.1 NFPA 86: Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, 2011 Edition
1.4.1.2 NFPA 70: National Electric Code (NEC), Updated Annually
1.4.1.3 NFPA 497: Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas, 2012 Edition
1.4.1.4 NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas Code, 1999 Edition
1.4.1.5 NFPA 58: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2011 Edition
1.4.1.6 NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 1996 Edition
1.4.1.7 NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2011 Edition
1.4.2 Additional Standards and Guidelines
1.4.3 Industrial Insurance Carriers
1.4.4 Testing Laboratories
1.5 Accident Prevention
1.5.1 Ignition Control
1.5.2 General
1.6 Accident Mitigation
1.6.1 Design Engineering
1.6.1.1 Flammability Characteristics
1.6.1.2 Ignition Control
1.6.1.3 Fire Extinguishment
1.7 Safety Documentation and Operator Training
1.7.1 Design Information
1.7.2 Process Hazard Analysis Reports
1.7.3 Standard Operating Procedures
1.7.4 Operator Training and Documentation
1.8 Recommendations
1.9 Sources for Further Information
References
2 Combustion Controls
2.1 Fundamentals
2.1.1 Control Platforms
2.1.1.1 Relay System
2.1.1.2 Burner Controller
2.1.1.3 Loop Controller
2.1.1.4 Programmable Logic Controller
2.1.1.5 Distributed Control System
2.1.1.6 Hybrid Systems
2.1.1.7 Future Systems
2.1.2 Discrete Control Systems
2.1.3 Analog Control Systems
2.1.4 Failure Modes
2.1.5 Agency Approvals and Safety
2.1.5.1 Double Block and Bleed for Fuel Supply
2.1.5.2 Unsatisfactory Parameter System Shutdown
2.1.5.3 Local Reset Required after System Shutdown
2.1.5.4 Watchdog Timer to Verify PLC Operation
2.1.5.5 Critical Input Checking to Verify PLC Operation
2.1.5.6 Master Fuel Trip Relay Operation
2.1.6 Pipe Racks and Control Panels
2.2 Primary Measurement
2.2.1 Discrete Devices
2.2.1.1 Annunciators
2.2.1.2 Pressure Switches
2.2.1.3 Position Switches
2.2.1.4 Temperature Switches
2.2.1.5 Flow Switches
2.2.1.6 Run Indicators
2.2.1.7 Flame Scanners
2.2.1.8 Solenoid Valves
2.2.1.9 Ignition Transformers
2.2.2 Analog Devices
2.2.2.1 Control Valves
2.2.2.2 Thermocouples
2.2.2.3 Velocity Thermocouples
2.2.2.4 Resistance Temperature Detectors
2.2.2.5 Pressure Transmitters
2.2.2.6 Flow Meters
2.2.2.7 Analytical Instruments
2.3 Control Schemes
2.3.1 Parallel Positioning
2.3.1.1 Mechanical Linkage
2.3.1.2 Electronic Linkage
2.3.1.3 Characterizer Calculations
2.3.2 Fully Metered Cross Limiting
2.4 Controllers
2.5 Tuning
References
3 Blowers for Combustion Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Applications
3.3 Types of Blowers for Combustion Systems
3.4 Fan Arrangements
3.5 Design Considerations
3.5.1 Fan Control
3.5.2 Materials of Construction
3.5.3 Motors and Drives
3.5.4 Couplings and Belts
3.5.5 Bearings and Lubrication
3.5.6 Vibration and Installation
3.5.7 Shaft Seals
3.5.8 Noise Considerations
3.5.9 Filtration
3.6 Operational Costs
3.7 Inspection and Testing
3.8 Maintenance and Troubleshooting
References
4 Metallurgy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Background
4.2.1 Carbon Steel
4.2.1.1 Composition of Carbon Steel
4.2.1.2 Iron Oxide Scale
4.2.2 Stainless Steel
4.2.2.1 Brief History
4.2.2.2 Chromium Oxide Scale
4.2.2.3 Types of Stainless Steel
4.2.2.4 Metals Commonly Used in the Process Burner and Flare Industries
4.3 Common Forms of Metal Failure in the Combustion Industry
4.3.1 Intergranular Corrosion
4.3.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking
4.3.3 Breakaway Corrosion
4.3.4 Sulfidation Attack
4.3.5 Hot Corrosion
4.3.6 Chlorination Attack
4.3.7 Carburization Corrosion
4.3.7.1 Exposure to Carbonaceous Environments
4.3.7.2 Metal Dusting
4.3.8 Cryogenic Service
4.4 Material Selection
4.4.1 Process Burners
4.4.1.1 Air Plenum
4.4.1.2 Fuel Delivery System
4.4.1.3 Flame Holders/Stabilizers
4.4.2 Process Flares
4.4.2.1 Flare Burner (Typical)
4.4.2.2 Pilots
4.4.2.3 Moleseals and Flare Riser
4.5 Examples and Case Histories
4.5.1 Process Burners
4.5.1.1 Formation of Oxide Scale on Heater Process Tubes
4.5.1.2 Ruptured Process Tubes
4.5.1.3 Process Tube Distortion
4.5.1.4 Burner Damage
4.5.1.5 Control Valve Damage
4.5.1.6 Oil Gun Damage
4.5.1.7 Corroded Orifice Spud
4.5.1.8 Damaged Premixed Burner Tip
4.5.2 Process Flares
4.5.2.1 Flame Retention Segments
4.5.2.2 Pilot in an Enclosed Flare
4.5.2.3 Pilot on an Elevated Flare
4.5.2.4 Air-Assisted Flare
4.5.2.5 Steam-Assisted Flare
4.6 Welding
4.6.1 Types of Welding Processes
4.6.2 Welding Carbon Steel
4.6.3 Welding Stainless Steel
4.7 Nondestructive Testing
4.7.1 Introduction
4.7.2 Liquid Penetrant Testing
4.7.3 Magnetic Particle Testing
4.7.4 Radiographic Testing
4.7.5 Ultrasonic Testing
4.7.6 Positive Material Identification/Alloy Verification
4.7.7 Metallographic Replication
References
5 Refractory for Combustion Systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 What Are Refractories?
5.3 Monolithic Refractory Products
5.3.1 Hydraulically Bonded Castables
5.3.2 Chemically (Phos) Bonded Castables
5.3.3 Chemically Bonded Plastics
5.4 Brick Refractory Products
5.4.1 Characteristics of Refractory Brick
5.4.2 Refractory Brick Installation
5.5 Soft Refractory Products
5.6 Refractory Materials: Chemical and Physical Properties
5.6.1 Typical Refractory Systems
5.6.2 Refractory Anchoring Systems
5.6.2.1 Primary Function
5.6.2.2 V-Anchors
5.6.2.3 Footed Wavy V-Anchor
5.6.2.4 Double-Hooked V-Anchor
5.6.2.5 Tined Anchors
5.6.2.6 Anchor Distance below Refractory Surface
5.6.2.7 Anchor Spacing
5.6.2.8 Steel Fiber Reinforcing
5.6.2.9 Other Refractory Anchoring Systems
5.7 API-936 Considerations
5.7.1 Surface Preparation
5.7.2 Installer Certification
5.7.3 Curing, Drying, and Firing
5.7.4 Repairs to Existing Refractory Lining Systems
5.7.5 Inspection of Existing Refractory Lining Systems
5.7.6 Shipping Refractory Equipment to Tropical Environments
5.7.7 Laboratory Testing
Reference
6 Burner Design
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Combustion
6.3 Burner Design
6.3.1 Metering: Fuel
6.3.1.1 Gas Fuel
6.3.1.2 Liquid Fuel
6.3.2 Metering: Air (Combustion O2)
6.3.2.1 Natural Draft
6.3.2.2 Forced Draft
6.3.3 Air Control
6.3.4 Mixing Fuel/Air
6.3.4.1 Entrainment
6.3.4.2 Co-Flow
6.3.4.3 Cross Flow
6.3.4.4 Flow Stream Disruption
6.3.5 Maintain (Ignition)
6.3.6 Mold (Patterned and Controlled Flame Shape)
6.3.7 Minimize (Pollutants)
6.4 Burner Types
6.4.1 Premix and Partial Premix Gas
6.4.2 Raw Gas or Nozzle Mix
6.4.3 Oil or Liquid Firing
6.4.3.1 High-Viscosity Liquid Fuels
6.4.3.2 Low-Viscosity Liquids
6.4.4 High Intensity (KEU Combustor)
6.4.5 Conventional Process Heater Application High Intensity
6.5 Configuration (Mounting and Direction of Firing)
6.5.1 Conventional Burner, Round Flame
6.5.2 Flat Flame Burner
6.5.2.1 Wall Fired
6.5.2.2 Freestanding
6.5.3 Radiant Wall
6.5.4 Downfired
6.6 Materials Selection
References
7 Combustion Diagnostics
7.1 Pressure Management
7.1.1 Manometer
7.1.2 Bourdon Tube Gauge
7.1.2.1 Design of the Bourdon Tube Gauge
7.1.2.2 Common Failure Mechanisms
7.1.2.3 Calibration of Pressure Gauges
7.1.2.4 Selection
7.1.2.5 Installation
7.2 Flow Measurement
7.2.1 Orifice Meter
7.2.1.1 Description
7.2.1.2 Upstream Flow Conditioners
7.2.1.3 Calculating the Mass Flow Rate
7.2.1.4 Accuracy of Flow Measurements
7.2.2 Venturi Meter
7.2.3 Turbine Flow Meter
7.2.4 Vortex Flow Meter
7.2.5 Magnetic Flow Meter
7.2.6 Ultrasonic Flow Meter
7.2.7 Thermal Mass Meter
7.2.8 Positive Displacement Meter
7.2.9 Pitot Tube
7.2.10 Averaging Pitot Tube
7.3 Advanced Diagnostics
7.3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
7.3.2 Phase Doppler Particulate Anemometer
7.3.3 Liquid Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence
References
8 Burner Testing
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Burner Testing
8.2.1 Benefits
8.2.2 Drawbacks
8.2.3 Burner Testing versus CFD
8.2.4 Testing Parameters and Measurements
8.3 Burner Testing Equipment and Methodology
8.3.1 Test Furnaces
8.3.2 Air Delivery Systems
8.3.3 Instrumentation and Control
8.3.4 Fuel Flow and Composition
8.3.5 Flue Gas Analysis
8.3.6 Flue Gas Temperature and Pressure
8.4 Special Equipment
8.4.1 Heat Flux
8.4.2 CO Probe
8.4.3 Noise
8.4.4 Unburned Hydrocarbons, Particulate Matter, and Oxides of Sulfur
8.5 Test Fuel Selection
8.6 Test Procedure
8.7 Conclusions
References
9 Flare Testing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.2.1 Large-Scale Flare Test Facilities
9.2.2 Field Testing of Flares
9.3 Large-Scale Flare Test Facility
9.3.1 System Description
9.3.2 Flow Control System
9.3.3 Data Acquisition System
9.3.3.1 Thermal Radiation
9.3.3.2 Noise
9.3.3.3 Flare Conditions
9.4 Flare Pilot Test Facility
9.5 Sample Experimental Results
9.5.1 Hydrostatic Testing
9.5.2 Cold Flow Visualization
9.5.3 Ground Flare Burner Interactions
9.5.4 Unassisted Flare
9.5.5 Air-Assisted Flares
9.5.6 Steam-Assisted Flare
9.5.7 Water-Assisted Flare
9.6 Summary
References
10 Thermal Oxidizer Testing
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Equipment and Facility Design Objectives
10.3 Test Data Accuracy
10.4 Thermal Oxidizer Equipment Testing
10.4.1 Burners
10.4.2 Thermal Oxidizer Chambers
10.4.3 Waste Gas Injection Methods and Configurations
10.4.4 Test Equipment Sizing
10.5 Simulating Thermal Oxidizer Input Streams
10.5.1 Combustion Air
10.5.2 Quench Medium
10.5.3 Burner Fuel
10.5.4 Simulating Waste Streams
10.5.4.1 Endothermic Waste Gas Streams
10.5.4.2 Exothermic Waste Streams
10.5.4.3 Aqueous Wastes
10.5.4.4 Special Components
10.6 Instrumentation
10.6.1 Chemical Species Analysis
10.6.1.1 Analytical Methods and Instrumentation
10.6.1.2 Chemical Sample Collection
10.6.2 Flow Measurements
10.6.3 Temperature Measurement
10.6.4 Pressure Measurement
10.7 Conclusions
References
11 Burner Installation and Maintenance
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Burner Tile and Why It Is Important
11.1.1.1 Metering the Combustion Air
11.1.1.2 Mixing the Air and Fuel
11.1.1.3 Maintaining Stability
11.1.1.4 Molding the Flame
11.1.1.5 Minimize Emissions
11.1.2 Burner Gas Tips
11.2 Preinstallation Work
11.2.1 Receiving, Handling, Storage
11.2.2 New Heater
11.2.3 Existing Heater
11.2.4 Safety
11.3 Burner Installation
11.3.1 Tile Installation
11.3.2 Mounting the Burner
11.3.3 Inspection of Key Components
11.3.4 Air Registers and Dampers
11.3.5 Fuel Piping
11.3.6 Electrical Connections
11.4 Burner Maintenance
11.4.1 Gas Tip Cleaning
11.4.1.1 Gas Tip Maintenance Recommended Tools
11.4.1.2 Cleaning Procedure
11.4.1.3 Corrective/Preventive Actions
11.4.2 Premix Gas Burners
11.4.3 Burner Tile
11.4.4 Flame Stabilizer
11.4.5 Air Registers and Dampers
11.4.6 Oil Burner Maintenance
11.4.6.1 Oil Gun
11.4.6.2 Oil Gun Insert Removal
11.4.6.3 Z-56 “Quick Change” Oil Gun
11.4.6.4 Disassembly
11.4.6.5 Inspection
11.4.6.6 Assembly
11.4.7 Pilots
11.4.7.1 Electrical Connections
References
12 Burner/Heater Operations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Heater Monitoring for Improved Performance
12.2.1 Heater Draft
12.2.1.1 Definition
12.2.1.2 Draft Sampling
12.2.1.3 Trip and Alarm Settings
12.2.2 Excess Air and Excess Oxygen
12.2.2.1 Definition
12.2.2.2 Excess Oxygen Sampling
12.2.2.3 Oxygen Analyzers
12.2.2.4 Dry versus Wet Oxygen Measurement
12.2.2.5 Tunable Diode Lasers
12.2.2.6 Excess Oxygen versus CO Measurement
12.2.2.7 Alarm and Trip Settings
12.2.3 Fuel Measurements
12.2.3.1 Fuel Flow
12.2.3.2 Fuel Pressure
12.2.3.3 Selecting Trip and Alarm Points
12.2.3.4 Increasing the Fired Duty
12.2.3.5 Fuel Temperature
12.2.4 Combustion Air Measurements
12.2.4.1 Combustion Air Temperature
12.2.4.2 Combustion Air Flow
12.2.4.3 Combustion Air Pressure
12.2.5 Flue Gas Temperatures
12.2.5.1 Standard Thermocouples
12.2.5.2 Suction Pyrometer (Velocity Thermocouple)
12.2.6 Process Tube Temperature
12.2.7 Process Fluid Parameters
12.2.8 Heater Operation Monitoring
12.3 Heater Operations
12.3.1 Operating Strategy and Goals
12.3.2 Heater Safety
12.3.2.1 Start-Up Procedures
12.3.2.2 Heater Shutdown Procedure
12.3.2.3 Emergency Procedures
12.3.3 Heater Combustion Control
12.3.3.1 Target Draft Level
12.3.3.2 Target Excess Air Level
12.3.4 Heater Turndown Operation
12.4 Visual Inspection inside the Heater
12.4.1 Flame Pattern and Stability
12.4.2 Process Tubes
12.4.3 Refractory and Tube Support Color
12.4.4 Burner Tile and Diffuser Condition
12.4.5 Air Leaks
12.5 External Inspection
12.5.1 Stack Damper
12.5.2 Burner Block Valves
12.5.3 Pressure Gauges
12.5.4 Heater Shell or Casing Condition
12.5.5 Burner Damper Position
12.5.6 Burner Condition
References
13 Burner Troubleshooting
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Failure to Light Burners
13.2.1 Pilot Fails to Ignite
13.2.1.1 Indications of the Problem
13.2.1.2 Effect on Operation
13.2.1.3 Corrective Action
13.2.1.4 Flame Rod Testing
13.2.1.5 Recommendations and Conclusions
13.2.1.6 Field Test Procedure
13.2.2 Main Burner Fails to Light Off
13.2.2.1 Indications of the Problem
13.2.2.2 Effect on Operation
13.2.2.3 Corrective Action
13.3 Flame/Flue Gas Patterns
13.3.1 Long Flames
13.3.1.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.1.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.1.3 Corrective Action
13.3.2 Leaning Flames
13.3.2.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.2.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.2.3 Causes and Corrective Action
13.3.3 Irregular/Nonuniform Flames
13.3.3.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.3.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.3.3 Cause and Corrective Action
13.3.4 Pulsating Flames/Burners Out of Air
13.3.4.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.4.2 Cause and Effect on Operation
13.3.4.3 Corrective Action
13.3.5 Flame Lift-Off
13.3.5.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.5.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.5.3 Corrective Action
13.3.6 Flashback
13.3.6.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.6.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.6.3 Corrective Action
13.3.7 Flame Impingement on Tubes
13.3.7.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.7.2 Cause and Effect on Operation
13.3.7.3 Corrective Action
13.3.8 Burner Spacing/Flame Interaction
13.3.8.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.8.2 Cause and Effect on Operations
13.3.8.3 Corrective Action
13.3.9 Low-Temperature Operation (<1300°F [700°C])/Flame Stability/CO Formation
13.3.9.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.9.2 Causes
13.3.9.3 Corrective Action
13.3.10 High Stack Temperature
13.3.10.1 Indication of the Problem
13.3.10.2 Effect on Operations
13.3.10.3 Causes and Corrective Actions
13.3.11 Overheating of the Convection Section
13.3.11.1 Indications of the Problem
13.3.11.2 Effect on Operation
13.3.11.3 Corrective Action
13.4 Fuel Gas Problems
13.4.1 Burner Fuel Pressure/Impact on Operation
13.4.1.1 Fuel Gas Tip Problems
13.4.1.2 Fuel Composition
13.4.1.3 Wrong Gas Tips
13.4.1.4 Fired Duty Has Changed
13.4.1.5 Fuel Flow Measurement Is Incorrect
13.4.1.6 Fuel Pressure Is Incorrect
13.4.1.7 Operation outside Design Fuel Pressure Range
13.4.1.8 Running the Heater Out of Air/Flame Impingement
13.5 Oil Firing Problems
13.5.1 Effect on Operations
13.5.2 Oil Combustion
13.5.2.1 How Does Oil Burn?
13.5.2.2 Viscosity and Temperature
13.5.2.3 Steam Atomization
13.5.2.4 Contaminants in the Oil
13.5.3 Oil System
13.5.3.1 Heating and Storage
13.5.3.2 Recirculation System
13.5.3.3 Heat Tracing and Insulation
13.5.3.4 Pressure Gauges
13.5.4 Steam System
13.5.4.1 Insulation
13.5.4.2 Checking Steam Traps
13.5.4.3 Superheated Steam
13.5.4.4 Pressure Indication and Control
13.5.5 Smoke Emission from the Stack
13.5.5.1 Indication of the Problem
13.5.5.2 Effect on Operation and Equipment
13.5.5.3 Corrective Action
13.6 Emissions
13.6.1 Nitrogen Oxides
13.6.1.1 Burner Type
13.6.1.2 Firebox Temperature
13.6.1.3 Fuel Composition
13.6.1.4 Excess Air
13.6.1.5 Combustion Air Temperature
13.6.1.6 Relative Humidity
13.6.2 Sulfur Oxides
13.6.3 Carbon Monoxide
13.6.4 Combustibles/Volatile Organic Compounds/Unburned Hydrocarbons
13.6.5 Particulate Matter
13.7 Combustion Air Issues
13.7.1 How Ambient Weather Conditions Can Affect Burner Performance
13.7.1.1 Effect on Operations
13.7.1.2 Corrective/Preventive Actions
13.7.2 Burner Sizing
13.7.3 Forced-Draft System
13.7.3.1 Selecting the Correct Size Burner
13.7.3.2 Designing for Uniform Air Distribution
13.8 Summary
References
14 Flare Operations, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting
14.1 Flare Operations
14.1.1 Safety in Flare Operations
14.1.1.1 Purging
14.1.1.2 Suitable Purge Gases
14.1.1.3 Admission Point for the Purge Gas
14.1.1.4 Alarm for Purge Failure
14.1.1.5 Minimum Purge Gas Rate
14.1.1.6 Staged Post-Purge Concept
14.1.2 Pre-Start-Up
14.1.2.1 Pre-Start-Up Checks for All Flares
14.1.2.2 Pre-Start-Up Checks for Steam-Assisted Flares
14.1.2.3 Pre-Start-Up Checks for Air-Assisted Flares
14.1.2.4 Pre-Start-Up Checks for Staged Flare Systems
14.1.2.5 Pre-Start-Up Checks for Knockout Drums and Liquid Seals
14.1.2.6 Pre-Start-Up Checks for Molecular Seal
14.1.3 Start-Up and Shutdown
14.1.3.1 Unassisted Flares
14.1.3.2 Steam-Assisted Flares
14.1.3.3 Air-Assisted Flares
14.1.3.4 Staged Flare Systems
14.1.4 Pilot Lighting Procedure
14.1.4.1 Flame Front Generator (FFG)
14.1.4.2 Visual Pilot Verification with FFG
14.1.4.3 Other Pilot Ignition Systems
14.2 Maintenance
14.2.1 Purge System
14.2.1.1 Shutdown Items
14.2.1.2 Periodic On-Line Items
14.2.2 Pilots
14.2.2.1 Shutdown Items
14.2.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
14.2.3 Flame Front Generator
14.2.3.1 Periodic On-Line Items
14.2.4 Flare Tips
14.2.4.1 Shutdown Items for All Flare Tip Types
14.2.4.2 Shutdown Items for Steam-Assisted Flare Tips
14.2.4.3 Shutdown Items for Air-Assisted Flare Tips
14.2.4.4 Shutdown Items for Staged Flare Systems
14.2.4.5 Periodic On-Line Items for Air-Assisted Flare Tips
14.2.5 Liquid Seals and Knockout Drums
14.2.5.1 Shutdown Items
14.2.5.2 Periodic On-Line Items for Knockout Drums
14.2.5.3 Periodic On-Line Items for Liquid Seals
14.2.6 Molecular Seals
14.2.6.1 Shutdown Items
14.2.6.2 Periodic On-Line Items
14.3 Flare Troubleshooting
15 Thermal Oxidizer Installation and Maintenance
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Burner/Pilot
15.2.1 Installation
15.2.2 Maintenance
15.2.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.2.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.3 Thermal Oxidizer
15.3.1 Installation
15.3.2 Maintenance
15.3.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.3.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.4 Boilers
15.4.1 Installation
15.4.2 Maintenance
15.4.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.4.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.5 Miscellaneous Control Items
15.5.1 Installation
15.5.2 Maintenance
15.5.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.5.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.6 Liquid, Air/Steam Atomizing Guns (Fuel/Waste Oil, Quench Water, Aqueous Wastes)
15.6.1 Installation
15.6.2 Maintenance
15.6.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.6.2.2 Inspect the Following Individual Items
15.6.2.3 Periodic On-Line Items
15.7 Water Weir, Spray Quench Contactor, Quench Tank
15.7.1 Installation
15.7.2 Maintenance
15.7.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.7.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.8 Heat Exchangers
15.8.1 Installation
15.8.2 Maintenance
15.8.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.8.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.9 Liquid Seals
15.9.1 Installation
15.9.2 Maintenance
15.9.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.9.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.10 Absorbers and Scrubbers
15.10.1 Installation
15.10.2 Maintenance
15.10.2.1 Shutdown Items
15.10.2.2 Periodic On-Line Items
15.11 Conclusion
Reference
16 Thermal Oxidizer Operations and Troubleshooting
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Safety Warnings
16.1.1.1 Fire and Explosion Hazards
16.1.1.2 Elevated Temperatures
16.1.1.3 Electrical Hazards
16.1.1.4 Rotating and Mechanical Equipment
16.2 Training
16.3 Burner/Pilot
16.3.1 Operations
16.3.2 Troubleshooting
16.4 Thermal Oxidizer
16.4.1 Operations
16.4.2 Troubleshooting
16.5 Boiler
16.5.1 Operations
16.5.1.1 Boiler Start-Up
16.5.1.2 Start-Up after Temporary Shutdown
16.5.1.3 Boiler Shutdown Procedure
16.5.1.4 Normal Boiler Operation
16.5.1.5 Placing the Boiler into Service
16.5.1.6 Care When Out of Service
16.5.2 Troubleshooting
16.5.2.1 Foaming and Priming
16.5.2.2 Scale in Boiler
16.5.2.3 Corrosion or Pitting
16.6 Miscellaneous Control Items
16.6.1 Operations
16.6.2 Troubleshooting
16.7 Liquid and Air/Steam Atomizing Guns (Fuel/Waste Oil, Quench Water, Aqueous Wastes)
16.7.1 Operations
16.7.2 Troubleshooting
16.8 Water Weir, Spray Quench Contactor, Quench Tank
16.8.1 Operations
16.8.1.1 Pre-Start-Up Checklist
16.8.1.2 Start-Up Philosophy and Overview
16.8.1.3 Normal Operation
16.8.2 Troubleshooting
16.9 Heat Exchangers
16.9.1 Operations
16.9.2 Troubleshooting
16.10 Liquid Seals
16.10.1 Operations
16.10.2 Troubleshooting
16.11 Absorbers and Scrubbers
16.11.1 Operations
16.11.2 Troubleshooting
16.12 Conclusion
People also search:
the john zink combustion handbook pdf free download
john zink combustion handbook pdf
john zink combustion handbook
john zink hamworthy combustion book
john zink hamworthy combustion handbook pdf
Tags: Charles Baukal, Hamworthy, Combustion, John Zink