The Problem Knee 3rd Edition by Malcolm Macnicol, Franky Steenbrugge 1138372463 9781138372467

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ISBN 10: 1138372463

ISBN 13: 9781138372467

Author: Malcolm Macnicol, Franky Steenbrugge

A fully updated edition of the classic text on the knee, The Problem Knee, Third Edition is highly illustrated in colour and offers a fundamental approach to dealing with soft-tissue and skeletal disorders of the knee. The book focuses on younger patients, rather than degenerative conditions, covering both injuries and congenital abnormalites.

The Problem Knee 3rd Table of contents:

1 The mechanism and presentation of injuries to the knee
Introduction
History
Anatomy
Medial side of the knee
Lateral side of the knee
Clinical presentation
Pain
Loss of normal movement
Locking
Swelling
Instability
Personality
Age-related symptoms
References

2 Methods of clinical examination
Introduction
The routine
Inspection
Palpation
Swellings
Extended knee
Sensation
Effusion
Patellofemoral joint
Patellar apprehension
Patellar grind and restraint tests
Movement (tracking and crepitus)
Flexed knee
Joint lines
Ligaments
Bone
Movement
Extension
Flexion
Collateral ligament laxity Knee in slight flexion
Knee in extension
Cruciate ligament laxity
The drawer test
Ritchey–Lachman test
The pivot shift (jerk) test
Slocum test (Slocum et al. 1976)
McIntosh test (Galway et al. 1972)
Losee test (Losee 1983)
Noyes test (Noyes and Grood 1988) (‘flexion-rotation drawer test’)
Genu recurvatum external rotation test
Tests of meniscal integrity
McMurray test
Thessaly test
Squatting and weightbearing tests
Conclusion
References

3 Investigations
Blood tests
Synovial fluid analysis
Biopsy
Radiography
Skyline view
Tunnel, oblique and stress views
Schuss view
Tomography
Xeroradiography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasound
Arthrography
Arthroscopy
Radioisotope imaging
Computed tomography
Venography and arteriography
Radionuclide scintigraphy
Thermography
Cybex dynamometry
Optical coherence tomography
Exercise tests
References

4 Paediatric conditions
Characteristics
Functional anatomy of the patellofemoral joint
Angular deformities
Congenital dislocation of the knee
Neurological hyperextension
Post-traumatic tibial recurvatum
Flexion deformity
Genu varum
Blount’s disease
Valgus deformity
Post-fracture genu valgum
Anterior knee pain
Osteochondritis dissecans
Loose body formation
Patellar instability
Soft tissue swellings
Acute haemarthrosis
Ligament injuries
Medial collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral complex avulsion
Meniscal tears
Osteochondral fractures
Miscellaneous conditions
Pain syndromes
References

5 Ligamentous injuries
Introduction
Medial ligament tears
Pathology
Treatment
Anterior cruciate ligament tears
The evolution of ACL reconstruction
Acute intervention
Indications for chronic reconstruction
Timing of surgery
Indications for surgery
Method of reconstruction
Operative details
Principles of rehabilitation
Long-term benefits of reconstruction
Alternatives to autografting
Additional extra-articular grafting
Posterior cruciate ligament tears
Surgical treatment
Lateral ligament complex injuries
Treatment
Iliotibial band friction syndrome
References

6 Meniscal lesions
Function
Structure
Histology
Classification of tears
Symptoms
Pain
Effusion
Abnormal function
Signs
Meniscectomy
Partial or total
Prognosis after meniscectomy
Meniscal repair
Medial meniscal repair
Lateral meniscus repair
All-inside technique using the Biofix resorbable arrows (first-generation all-inside technique)
Meniscal transplantation
The discoid lateral meniscus
Joint lubrication
References

7 Patellofemoral problems
Introduction
Congenital dislocation
Habitual dislocation
Recurrent subluxation and dislocation
Treatment of adolescent patellar instability
Acute dislocation
Chronic dislocation
Retropatellar pain syndrome
Treatment of patellar pain
Bipartite patella
Sleeve fracture of the patella
Sinding-Larsen–Johansson syndrome
Osgood–Schlatter condition
Patellar tendonitis
References

8 Fractures around the knee
Introduction
Initial treatment
Principles of fracture care
Tibial fractures
Femoral fractures
Rehabilitation
Patellar fractures
Osteochondral fractures
Epiphyseal fractures
Stress fractures
Complications of fractures
References

9 Non-traumatic conditions
Introduction
Inflammatory arthritis
Synovitis
Synovial fluid
Synovial biopsy
Treatment
Synovectomy
Septic arthritis
Synovial conditions
Haemophilia
Pathology
Radiography
Treatment
Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis
Management
Blount’s disease (tibia vara)
Tumours
Soft tissue swellings
Bone tumours
Compartment syndrome
Exercise-induced compartment syndrome
Acute, post-traumatic compartment syndrome
Deep venous thrombosis
Pressure sores
References

10 Treatment of soft tissue injuries
Acute injury
Inflammation
Proliferation
Remodelling and maturation
Type I muscle fibre
Type II muscle fibre
Principles of therapy
The rule of 12s
Pain
Strength
Flexibility
Gait
Isokinetics
Knee bracing
Ultrasound
Interferential therapy
Massage and manipulation
Heat
Analgesic therapy
Platelet-rich plasma
Pathological conditions affecting muscle
Partial tear or complete rupture of muscle
Contracture of muscle
Compartment syndrome
Myositis ossificans
Muscular dystrophy
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome)
Conclusion
References

Appendix I Stages in recovery
Appendix II Assessment rating scales
Tegner Activity Scale
Lysholm Knee Scores
Cincinnati Knee Rating Systems
Assessment Of Function

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