The Third Reich and the Arab East 1st Edition by Łukasz Hirszowicz 1138221880 9781138221888

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ISBN 10: 1138221880 

ISBN 13: 9781138221888

Author: Łukasz Hirszowicz

This book, first published in English in 1966, is a comprehensive guide to, and analysis of, the Third Reich’s policy towards the Arab world. Based on German archive material, the records of the Nuremburg trials, published collections of American, British, French, German and Italian documents, and on European and Arabian diaries and memoirs, it provides an essential reading of the history of the region at a key point in time.

Table of contents:

I. THE GREAT POWERS AND THE ARAB EAST
Expansion of the Great Powers in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Plans for partition of the Ottoman Empire during World War I
Partition of the Arab lands after World War I
Italy and Germany in the Arab East

II. NAZI GERMANY AND THE PEEL COMMISSION PLAN
Outbreak of the Arab rebellion in Palestine
The Royal Commission report
German interests in Palestine
Portents of a turn in German policy
Arab endeavours to gain German support
Germany’s political motives
The course taken by Germany

III. REPERCUSSIONS OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK CRISIS AND UNDERSTANDING WITH TURKEY
Increased tension in international relations and the situation in the Arab East
Germany and Saudi Arabia
Grobba’s trip to Jidda
Negotiations on the sale of arms to Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud’s relation to England

IV. OUTBREAK OF WAR
The Allies and the Arab countries
The situation in Syria and Lebanon
The situation in Palestine
Egypt’s position
Iraq’s position
King Ibn Saud’s position
Germany and the Arab countries

V. THE FALL OF FRANCE AND THE DECLARATIONS OF OCTOBER 23rd/DECEMBER 5th, 1940
Fall of the Ali Maher-pasha Government
Iraq’s new Government
Naji Shawkat’s trip to Turkey
Diplomatic activity in Baghdad
Haddad’s negotiations with the Germans
The Italian viewpoint and the October 23rd, 1940, declaration
Arab reservations

VI. IRAQ ON THE EVE OF REBELLION
German plans in the Mediterranean
Italy’s defeats and Directive 22
Situation in the Arab countries
Political strife in Iraq
Rashid Ali’s demands; Haddad’s second trip

VII. THE GERMANS AND THE IRAQ REVOLT
Von Hentig’s mission to Syria
Problem of supplying arms to Iraq
Italy’s position on developing action in Iraq
Woermann’s memorandum of March 7th, 1941
The Middle East and Operation ‘Barbarossa’
Ribbentrop’s decision; Weizsacker’s letter to the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem
Further decisions: propaganda, Abwehr, Syria

VIII. UPRISING IN IRAQ
The coup d’état in Baghdad
International causes of the coup
British policy in Iraq [April 1941]
The Axis and Iraq’s demands
Problem of supplying Iraq with arms
Decision to aid Iraq
Hostilities in Iraq
Turkish mediation
Grobba’s mission
The Paris protocols
Rahn’s mission
German aid
War operations
Rashid Ali’s defeat

IX. GERMANY AND THE SYRIAN CAMPAIGN
Germany and Vichy after the Paris protocols
Again the problem of German aid
Turkey and the war in Syria
German activities among Arabs
Hostilities and armistice

X. SPREAD OF THE WAR AND NAZI ARAB POLICY
The military and political situation after the attack on the U.S.S.R.
Significance of the conflict in the Mediterranean
Strategic plans following ‘Barbarossa’
Failure of ‘Barbarossa’ and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour
1942
From Tehran to Berlin

XI. NEW DECLARATIONS ON ARAB QUESTIONS
Summer of 1941
The Mufti’s arrival and the Italian draft declaration
French and Turkish objections
Hitler’s standpoint
Further attempts at a declaration
The exchange of letters

XII. THE AXIS EGYPT OFFENSIVE
The war situation in the spring and summer of 1942
German-Egyptian contacts
Coup d’état in Egypt
The Germans and Egypt
The question of an occupation regime
The Axis rout in Egypt

XIII. THE ARAB LEGION AND MUFTI-KILANI DISPUTE
Deutsch-arabische Lehrabteilung
Disputes over the Arab Legion
Controversy on using DAL
Struggle for leadership
Germany and Italy on the Mufti’s ambitions
The Mufti’s arguments
Results of Ettel’s trip

XIV. EPILOGUE IN TUNISIA
Occupation of Tunisia
Admiral Estéva
Occupation of Bizerta
Problem of the rear
Extreme collaborationists
The French administration
Organisation of French detachments
Italian ambitions in Tunisia
Italy’s situation in 1942–3
Conference in Rome
German propaganda in the Maghreb
A letter to the Bey
The Mufti’s proposition
Germany, Italy and the Mufti’s plans
Attempts at an understanding with Bourguiba
The Axis and Tunisian nationalists
Revival of the national movement
The Axis and the Bey’s court
Bourguiba’s return
The Wehrmacht’s Arab soldiers
Arab recruitment in Tunisia
German expectations in Tunisia
War operations
Last days of the Axis occupation

CONCLUSION
The Arab lands and exiles in 1942
The question of a declaration
The Mufti’s further activity
Power politics and the national movement
Racism and the ‘European Idea’
Exigencies of war

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Tags: Łukasz Hirszowicz, Reich, Arab East, Third