Understanding Arguments An Introduction to Informal Logic 9th Edition by Walter Sinnott Armstrong, Robert J Fogelin ISBN 1285197364 9781285197364

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ISBN 10: 1285197364 
ISBN 13: 9781285197364
Author: Walter Sinnott Armstrong, Robert J Fogelin

ADVANGEBOOKS – UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMAL LOGIC, 9E shows readers how to construct arguments in everyday life, using everyday language. In addition, this easy-to-read textbook also devotes three chapters to the formal aspects of logic including forms of argument, as well as propositional, categorical, and quantificational logic. Plus, this edition helps readers apply informal logic to legal, moral, scientific, religious, and philosophical scenarios, too.

Understanding Arguments An Introduction to Informal Logic 9th Table of contents:

Part I: How to Analyze Arguments
Ch 1: Uses of Arguments
What Arguments Are
Justifications
Explanations
Combinations: An Example
Ch 2: The Web of Language
Language and Convention
Linguistic Acts
Speech Acts
Conversational Acts
Summary
Ch 3: The Language of Argument
Argument Markers
Arguments in Standard Form
A Problem and Some Solutions
Evaluative Language
Ch 4: The Art of Close Analysis
An Extended Example
Ch 5: Deep Analysis
Getting Down to Basics
Clarifying Crucial Terms
Dissecting the Argument
Arranging Subarguments
Some Standards for Evaluating Arguments
Suppressed Premises
The Method of Reconstruction
An Example of Reconstruction: Capital Punishment
Part II: How to Evaluate Arguments: Deductive Standards
Ch 6: Propositional Logic
The Formal Analysis of Arguments
Basic Propositional Connectives
Conditionals
Ch 7: Categorical Logic
Beyond Propositional Logic
Categorical Propositions
Validity for Categorical Arguments
Part III: How to Evaluate Arguments: Inductive Standards
Ch 8: Arguments to and from Generalizations
Induction versus Deduction
Statistical Generalizations
Statistical Applications
Ch 9: Inference to the Best Explanation and from Analogy
Inferences to the Best Explanation
Arguments from Analogy
Ch 10: Causal Reasoning
Reasoning about Causes
Sufficient Conditions and Necessary Conditions
Applying These Methods to Find Causes
Concomitant Variation
Ch 11: Chances
Some Fallacies of Probability
The Language of Probability
A Priori Probability
Some Rules of Probability
Bayes’s Theorem
Ch 12: Choices
Expected Monetary Value
Expected Overall Value
Decisions under Ignorance
Part IV: Fallacies
Ch 13: Fallacies of Vagueness
Uses of Unclarity
Vagueness
Heaps
Slippery Slopes
Ch 14: Fallacies of Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Equivocation
Definitions
Ch 15: Fallacies of Relevance
Relevance
Ad Hominem Arguments
Appeals to Authority
More Fallacies of Relevance
Ch 16: Fallacies of Vacuity
Circularity
Begging the Question
Self-Sealers
Ch 17: Refutation
What is Refutation?
Counterexamples
Reductio Ad Absurdum
Straw Men and False Dichotomies
Refutation by Parallel Reasoning
Part V: Areas of Argumentation
Ch 18: Legal Reasoning
Components of Legal Reasoning
The Law of Discrimination
Burden of Proof
Ch 19: Moral Reasoning
Moral Disagreements
The Problem of Abortion
Analogical Reasoning in Ethics
Weighing Factors
Ch 20: Scientific Reasoning
Standard Science
Scientific Revolutions
Ch 21: Religious Reasoning
Ch 22: Philosophical Reasoning

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Tags: Walter Sinnott Armstrong, Robert J Fogelin, Understanding, Arguments