Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice 1st Edition by Hazel Kemshall 0335206530 9780335206537

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ISBN 10: 0335206530

ISBN 13: 9780335206537

Author: Hazel Kemshall

“the Crime & Justice series has become a key resource for universities in teaching criminology and criminal justice… Professor Kemshall has established herself as a leading figure in the concepts of risk, risk management and public protection issues… an invaluable read for those entering Criminal Justice or moving to work in projects or teams at the forefront of public protection” Vista How significant is risk to the formation and implementation of penal policy? To what extent are the tasks and activities of frontline criminal justice workers informed by concerns to assess and manage risk? Has there been a significant ‘sea-change’ in the delivery of criminal justice, and if so, what are the future implications of this? This illuminating text examines the significance of the concept of risk in criminal justice policy, and in the role of criminal justice agencies and crime prevention initiatives. Particular features of the book include its use of practical examples, coverage of previously unpublished research, and a full review of current risk assessment tools for use with offenders. It is designed with undergraduate courses in mind, providing frequent summaries, lists of further reading, and a glossary. The identification, assessment and management of risk has become a central theme of criminal justice policy. For some penal policy commentators this represents a ‘sea-change’ in crime management to a new era of ‘actuarial justice’, that is the management of crime opportunities and risk distribution rather than the management of individual offenders. By drawing on key areas of criminal justice practice such as policing, probation and crime prevention, this book examines the actual extent of this change and reviews the case for a new risk-based penology. The book combines a review of current theories on actuarial justice with a detailed examination of current practices in key frontline agencies. The result is an essential text for criminology students and trainee professionals in criminal justice.

Understanding Risk in Criminal Justice 1st  Table of contents:

Chapter 01 The rise of risk

Introducing risk

What is risk?

Summary

Late modernity and the risk society: new risks or new ways of looking at risk?

The contention that the distinction between traditional and late modern risks is overstated

The thesis that risks are under-regulated and weakened social control of technology has contributed

The claim that the end of traditional bonds exacerbates risk is overstated

The multiplication of risk is overemphasized

Summary

Risk and crime

The demise of the modernist agenda

Postmodernity and the rise of risk

Summary

Further reading

Chapter 02 The role of risk in criminal justice and penal policy

Introducing the new penality

The rise of risk and actuarial justice

Theoretical approaches: class versus governmentality

Risk and capitalism

Risk and social order

Risk avoidance and the ‘management of bads’

Risk and the role of modern thought

Economic crime management and actuarial risk practices

New right crime policies, advanced liberalism and risk

Summary

Punitive sovereignty and the place of risk

Adaptive strategies

Sovereign state strategies

Summary

Further reading

Chapter 03 Approaches to risk and risk assessment tools

Introduction: approaches to risk and the ‘two cultures’

Artefact risk

Constructivist risk

Summary

Epistemologies of risk and risk management

Artefact risk and homeostatic risk management

Social risk and negotiated risk management

Summary

Risk assessment tools

Actuarial tools

Third generation tools: the introduction of criminogenic need

Summary

The challenge of sexual and violent offenders

Sexual offenders and relevant tools

Violent offenders and relevant tools

Concluding summary

Further reading

Chapter 04 Risk, dangerousness and the Probation Service

Introduction

A crisis of confidence

The legislative and policy context: the Probation Service and the ‘discovery’ of the dangerous o

The Criminal Justice Act 1991 and the emergence of public protection

Summary

From dangerous to predatory: the rise of the predatory paedophile

Summary

Risk and Multi-Agency Public Protection Panels1

Multi-Agency Public Protection Panels

Key legislation and policy developments

Professional judgement versus actuarial tool

Risk classification and risk thresholds

Professional values and occupational culture

Summary

Conclusion: risk and rehabilitation in Probation-transformation or accommodation?

The emergence of a ‘new rehabilitationism’

Summary

Further reading

Chapter 05 Risk and policing

Introduction

Late modern policing: transformation or continuity?

Has public policing changed?

Post-Keynesian policing: rhetoric or reality?

Summary

Risk-based policing

Risk and community policing

Partnership and community

The rhetoric and the reality

Intelligence-led policing

Zero-tolerance policing

Conclusion: new risks, new policing?

Further reading

Chapter 06 Risk and crime prevention

Introduction

Crime prevention as a risk-based discourse

Third way crime prevention

Community and communitarianism

Partnership

Legitimacy and responsibility

The extension of the private sphere

Tensions arising from the demands of managerialism

Summary

Crime prevention in practice

Extending the net of social control

Summary

Alternatives to risk: possible futures

The ‘privatized fortress cities’ model

The ‘authoritarian statist-communitarian’ model

The ‘ inclusive civic, safe cities’ model

Summary

Conclusion: is crime prevention a risky business?

Further reading

Chapter 07 Concluding comments

Pulling the threads together

Risking the social

Glossary

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