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Vitamins Their Role in the Human Body 1st Edition by George F M Ball ISBN 0632064781 9780632064786

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Vitamins Their Role in the Human Body 1st Edition George F. M. Ball Digital Instant Download

Author(s): George F. M. Ball
ISBN(s): 9780632064786, 0632064781
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 8.16 MB
Year: 2004
Language: english
SKU: EB-1020218 Category: Tag:

Vitamins Their Role in the Human Body 1st Edition by George F M Ball – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:0632064781, 9780632064786
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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 0632064781 

ISBN 13: 9780632064786

Author: George F, M, Ball 

This single-source reference draws together the current knowledge of the vitamins’ biological properties in the context of human nutrition. Vitamins are co-enzymes, antioxidants or precursors of hormones and are therefore involved in a great many biochemical and physiological processes. They play a vital role in the maintenance of health, and there is evidence that dietary sources of vitamins have beneficial effects in the prevention of heart-related diseases, bone diseases and possibly cancer. Following introductory chapters on historical and nutritional aspects of vitamins, the next four chapters cover relevant and detailed aspects of physiology and functional anatomy, biochemistry, immunology and the regulation of protein synthesis by nuclear hormone receptors. These background chapters, supported by a glossary of terms, provide the scientific principles upon which vitamin functions are based. The following thirteen chapters deal with each vitamin in turn. Subject areas include chemical structure, intestinal absorption, transport, metabolism, biochemical and physiological actions, immunoregulatory properties, deficiency-related diseases and potential toxicity. An extensive bibliography refers the reader to the original research literature. Vitamins is aimed at nutritionists, biochemists, physiologists and physicians whether they be researchers, teachers or students. Food scientists, food technologists and many others working in the health professions will also find much of use and interest in the book. The inclusion of the theoretical principles in the background chapters makes the book an ideal starting point for those working outside the area who need a solid overview of the subject.

Table of contents: 

Preface
1 Historical Events Leading to the Establishment of Vitamins
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Early studies of nutritionally related diseases
1.3 Experiments on formulated diets
1.4 Naming of the vitamins
Further reading
References
2 Nutritional Aspects of Vitamins
2.1 Definition and classification of vitamins
2.2 Nutritional vitamin deficiency
2.3 Stability and bioavailability of vitamins
2.4 Vitamin requirements
Further reading
References
3 Background Physiology and Functional Anatomy
3.1 Movement of solutes across cell membranes and epithelia
3.2 The blood–brain, blood–cerebrospinal fluid and placental barriers
3.3 Functional anatomy of the small and large intestine, liver and kidney
3.4 Digestion and absorption
3.5 Glucose transport
3.6 Digestion, absorption and transport of dietary fat
3.7 Neural and endocrine communication systems
3.8 Structure of bone and its growth and development
3.9 Cell proliferation
Further reading
References
4 Background Biochemistry
4.1 Major degradation pathways in which B-group vitamins are involved as coenzymes
4.2 Amino acid utilization
4.3 Defences against free radicals and other reactive species
4.4 Haemostasis
4.5 Atherosclerosis
Further reading
References
5 Background Immunology
5.1 General features of the immune system
5.2 Innate immunity
5.3 Inflammation
5.4 Acquired immunity
5.5 Cytokines
5.6 Hypersensitivity
5.7 Immune suppression
5.8 Neuroendocrine modulation of immune responses
Further reading
References
6 The Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis and its Regulation by Nuclear Hormone Receptors
6.1 Functional structure of DNA
6.2 Role of RNA in protein synthesis
6.3 Gene expression
6.4 Mutation and polymorphism
6.5 Basal transcription
6.6 Regulated transcription
6.7 Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex
6.8 Nuclear hormone receptors as regulators of protein synthesis
Further reading
References
7 Vitamin A: Retinoids and Carotenoids
7.1 Historical overview
7.2 Chemistry and biological functions
7.3 Dietary sources
7.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
7.5 Nutritional factors that influence vitamin A status
7.6 The role of vitamin A in vision
7.7 Retinoids as regulators of gene expression
7.8 Effects of vitamin A on the immune system
7.9 Role of vitamin A in bone metabolism and embryonic development
7.10 Vitamin A and cancer
7.11 Vitamin A deficiency and toxicity
Further reading
References
8 Vitamin D
8.1 Historical overview
8.2 Chemistry and biological functions
8.3 Dietary sources
8.4 Cutaneous synthesis, intestinal absorption, transport and metabolism
8.5 Molecular action of the vitamin D hormones
8.6 Calcium and phosphate homeostasis
8.7 Immunoregulatory properties
8.8 Effects of vitamin D on insulin secretion
8.9 Vitamin D-related diseases
8.10 Therapeutic applications of vitamin D analogues
8.11 Toxicity
8.12 Dietary requirement
Further reading
References
9 Vitamin E
9.1 Historical overview
9.2 Chemistry, biopotency and units of activity
9.3 Dietary sources
9.4 Absorption, transport and delivery to tissues
9.5 Antioxidant role
9.6 Effect upon the ageing immune responses
9.7 Vitamin E and atherosclerosis
9.8 Vitamin E deficiency
9.9 Dietary intake
Further reading
References
10 Vitamin K
10.1 Historical overview
10.2 Chemistry
10.3 Dietary sources
10.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
10.5 Biochemical and physiological functions
10.6 Vitamin K de. ciency
Further reading
References
11 Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
11.1 Historical overview
11.2 Chemistry and biological activity
11.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
11.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
11.5 Biochemical functions
11.6 Neurophysiological functions
11.7 Vitamin B1 deficiency
11.8 Nutritional aspects
Further reading
References
12 Flavins: Riboflavin, FMN and FAD (Vitamin B2)
12.1 Historical overview
12.2 Chemistry
12.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
12.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
12.5 Biochemical functions
12.6 Vitamin B2 deficiency
12.7 Nutritional aspects
Further reading
References
13 Niacin: Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide
13.1 Historical overview
13.2 Chemistry
13.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
13.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
13.5 Biochemical functions
13.6 Niacin deficiency
13.7 Nutritional aspects
Further reading
References
14 Vitamin B6
14.1 Historical overview
14.2 Chemistry and biological activity
14.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
14.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
14.5 Biochemical functions
14.6 Regulation of steroid hormone action
14.7 Immune function
14.8 Vitamin B6 deficiency
14.9 Nutritional aspects
Further reading
References
15 Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A
15.1 Historical overview
15.2 Chemistry
15.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
15.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
15.5 Biochemical functions of coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein in cellular metabolism
15.6 Physiological roles of coenzyme A in the modi. cation of proteins
15.7 Deficiency in animals and humans
15.8 Dietary intake
Further reading
References
16 Biotin
16.1 Historical overview
16.2 Chemistry
16.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
16.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
16.5 Biochemical and physiological functions
16.6 Biotin deficiency
Further reading
References
17 Folate
17.1 Historical overview
17.2 Chemistry
17.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
17.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
17.5 Biochemical functions
17.6 Homocysteine-related occlusive arterial and thrombotic diseases
17.7 Folate and neural tube defects
17.8 Folate deficiency
17.9 Dietary intake
Further reading
References
18 Vitamin B12
18.1 Historical overview
18.2 Chemistry
18.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
18.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
18.5 Biochemical functions
18.6 Vitamin B12 deficiency
18.7 Dietary intake
Further reading
References
19 Vitamin C
19.1 Historical overview
19.2 Chemistry
19.3 Dietary sources and bioavailability
19.4 Absorption, transport and metabolism
19.5 Effect of ascorbic acid upon absorption of inorganic iron
19.6 Inhibition of N-nitroso compound formation
19.7 Biochemical and neurochemical functions
19.8 Role of ascorbic acid in mesenchymal differentiation
19.9 Antioxidant role
19.10 Immune function
19.11 Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease
19.12 Vitamin C deficiency
19.13 Dietary intake

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