Voyageurs National Park The Battle to Create Minnesota s National Park 1st Edition by Fred T Witzig – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0816640505, 9780816640508
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ISBN 10: 0816640505
ISBN 13: 9780816640508
Author: Fred T Witzig
When President Nixon signed the legislation authorizing the establishment of Voyageurs National Park on January 8, 1971, almost eighty years had passed since Minnesota’s government initially petitioned to create a national park in the northern portion of the state.
Voyageurs National Park chronicles the complex legal and political campaign to found Minnesota’s only national park. Witzig’s thoroughly documented and referenced research allows him to offer a detailed view of the unanticipated disappointments and defining moments of achievement that accompanied this complicated legislative battle. Concentrating on the period from 1962 to 1975, Witzig identifies and explains the central issues surrounding the campaign including land acquisition policy, local concerns and opposition to the park, interagency conflict over U.S. forest lands, antifederal attitudes in northeastern Minnesota, and the overstated case for the economic benefits a national park would bring. Witzig covers the dispute over the inclusion of Crane Lake in the park and focuses on the many individuals and groups who were instrumental in the establishment of Voyageurs National Park, such as Governor Elmer L. Andersen, John A. Blatnik, Sigurd F. Olson, and Rita Shemesh.
Voyageurs National Park The Battle to Create Minnesota s National Park 1st Table of contents:
Part I: Early Visions and Regional Context
- The North Woods Landscape: History, Resources, and People
- Geological Formation and Natural Environment of the Border Lakes Region
- Indigenous Inhabitants and Early European Exploration (Voyageurs)
- The Rise of Timber, Mining, and Fishing Industries
- Early Settlement Patterns and Local Economies
- The Wilderness Ideal and Early Conservation Efforts
- The National Park Concept in the United States
- Emerging Conservation Movement in Minnesota
- Proposals for Preserving the Kabetogama Peninsula
- Conflict Between Preservation and Resource Extraction
Part II: The Road to Establishment: Decades of Debate
- From Local Dream to National Proposal: The 1920s-1940s
- Initial Calls for a National Park by Local Boosters and Conservationists
- Early Surveys and Feasibility Studies
- Resistance from Logging Companies and Local Residents
- The Impact of the Great Depression and World War II on Conservation Efforts
- Renewed Momentum and Shifting Alliances: The 1950s-1960s
- Post-War Environmental Movement and Growing Awareness
- Support from Federal Agencies and National Conservation Groups
- The Role of Key Figures and Advocates (e.g., Sigurd Olson)
- Intensification of Opposition from Local Industries and Property Owners
- The Legislative Struggle: Congressional Battles
- Drafting and Introducing Legislation for Voyageurs National Park
- Committee Hearings and Lobbying Efforts
- Compromises and Amendments to Address Concerns
- The Role of Minnesota’s Congressional Delegation
Part III: The Park is Born, The Battle Continues
- The Act of Creation: Voyageurs National Park Established
- The Passage of the Voyageurs National Park Act (1971)
- Defining Park Boundaries and Acquisition of Land
- The National Park Service’s New Responsibilities
- Land Acquisition and Displacement: A Painful Process
- Eminent Domain and Purchase of Private Property
- Resistance from Landowners and Local Communities
- The Human Cost of Park Creation
- Legal Challenges and Compensation Issues
- Management Challenges and Early Conflicts
- Balancing Preservation with Public Use
- Management of Water Levels and Fishing
- Snowmobiling and Other Recreational Uses
- Interactions with Adjacent Industries (e.g., logging)
Part IV: Ongoing Challenges and the Park’s Identity
- Defining the Park Experience: Recreation, Wilderness, or Both?
- Developing Visitor Facilities and Interpretive Programs
- Navigating the Wilderness vs. Development Debate
- The Park’s Unique Character as a Water-Based Park
- Resource Management and Ecological Integrity
- Protecting Wildlife and Ecosystems (e.g., wolves, loons)
- Addressing Invasive Species
- Managing Forest Health
- Local Communities and the Park: An Evolving Relationship
- Economic Impacts of the Park on Neighboring Towns
- Ongoing Tensions and Collaborative Efforts
- The Search for Sustainable Tourism
- Conclusion: Lessons from Voyageurs
- The Complexities of National Park Creation
- The Enduring Struggle Between Development and Preservation
- The Legacy of Voyageurs National Park for Minnesota and the Nation
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Tags: Fred T Witzig, Voyageurs, Battle